What medical condition refers to the inflammation of the sinuses?

The correct choice is sinusitis, which specifically describes the inflammation of the sinuses. Sinuses are air-filled spaces located in the bones of the face, and when they become inflamed, it can lead to a range of symptoms including nasal congestion, facial pain, headache, and pressure. This condition can be caused by infections, allergies, or other factors that irritate the nasal passages.

Retinitis refers to inflammation of the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye, and does not pertain to sinuses. Spleenitis, while not a common medical term, might imply inflammation of the spleen, which is unrelated to sinus conditions. Proctectomy involves the surgical removal of the rectum and has no connection to sinus inflammation. Therefore, understanding sinusitis as the condition related to sinus inflammation helps clarify the distinct nature of other medical terms presented in the options.